稀土硅 Rare Earth Silicon
2024.12.27
稀土硅铁合金作为钢铁中的变性剂是十分有效的。我国是开发、生产与应用稀土硅铁合金最早的国家之一。但是至今仍采用单一的电硅热法。该法总能耗较高；在冶炼过程中为剖造良好的还原条件，需加入大量的石灰造渣和调整炉渣碱度．冶炼渣量比较多，稀土收率较低；产品中Ca、A1的含量较高。在国外，稀土铁合金和碱土铁合金基本上是采用碳热述原法来熔炼的．这种方法由于利用便宜的矿石原料和在大容量的矿热炉中直接制取合金，可以大大降低产品的成本，但是，通常由于在炉膛内形成熔渣或者碳化物炉瘤，会碰到相当的困难。导致合金质量和全部生产技术经济指标严重恶化。我国也曾作过有益的尝试。
稀土硅铁合金一般含稀土17%－37%，Si35%－46%，Mn5%－8%，Ca5%－8%，Ti6%，其余为铁。合金为银灰色，熔点为1473－1573℃。
稀土铁合金呈块状，有金属光泽，坚硬而脆，易粉碎。稀土硅铁合金呈银灰色。稀土硅铁镁合金在银灰色基体中闪烁着蓝色光泽。稀土中间合金密度为4.5－4.7g/cm3，熔点为1200－1260℃。
高铬白口铸铁作为抗磨材料, 已经在矿山机械、农业、建材等行业得到广泛应用。目前, 高铬铸铁存在的问题是其耐磨性和韧性在特定的工况下不能达到良好配合。我国稀土资源丰富, 通过稀土变质处理来使高铬铸铁的组织达到细化, 并配以相应的热处理工艺来改善其性能。稀土加入量为0.9%左右时, 高铬铸铁的耐磨性和韧性达到最佳配合
Rare earth ferrosiliconalloys are very effective as denaturants in steel. China is one of the earliestcountries in the development, production and application of rare earth ferrosiliconalloys. However, a single electro-silicon thermal method is still used until now.The total energy consumption of this method is high; In the smelting process, inorder to create good reduction conditions, a large amount of lime slag should beadded and the alkalinity of slag should be adjusted. The amount of smelting slagis relatively large, and the rare earth yield is low; The content of Ca and A1 inthe product is high. In foreign countries, rare earth ferroalloys and alkaline earthferroalloys are basically smelted by the carbon heat method of the original method.This method can greatly reduce the cost of the product due to the use of cheap oreraw materials and the direct production of alloys in high-capacity submerged furnaces,but it is usually quite difficult due to the formation of slag or carbide nodulesin the furnace. It has led to a serious deterioration of the alloy quality and allproduction technical and economic indicators. My country has also made useful attempts.Rare earth ferrosilicon alloys generally contain 17%-37% of rare earths, 35%-46%of Si, 5%-8% of Mn, 5%-8% of Ca, 6% of Ti, and the rest are iron. The alloy is silvery-graywith a melting point of 1473-1573 °C. Rare earth ferroalloys are lumpy, metallic,hard and brittle, and easy to crush. Rare earth ferrosilicon alloys are silvery-grayin color. Rare-earth ferrosilicon alloys shimmer blue in a silvery-gray matrix.The density of rare earth master alloy is 4.5-4.7g/cm3, and the melting point is1200-1260 °C. As an anti-wear material, high-chromium white cast iron has been widelyused in mining machinery, agriculture, building materials and other industries.At present, the problem of high chromium cast iron is that its wear resistance andtoughness cannot achieve a good fit under specific working conditions. China isrich in rare earth resources, and the structure of high-chromium cast iron is refinedthrough rare earth metamorphism, and its performance is improved by correspondingheat treatment process. When the amount of rare earth is about 0.9%, the wear resistanceand toughness of high-chromium cast iron achieve the best fit.
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